Discover how probability distribution methods can help predict stock market returns and improve investment decisions. Learn to assess risk and potential gains.

The benchmark tests show that the noise-free realization of QA can significantly outperform state-of-the-art classical algorithms. Quantum annealing (QA) is a cutting-edge algorithm that leverages the ...

A random variable that can take only a certain specified set of individual possible values-for example, the positive integers 1, 2, 3, . . . For example, stock prices are discrete random variables, ...

At each sampling time instant, one observes system output and action to form discrete-time rewards. The sampled input-output data are collected along the trajectory of the dynamical system in ...