Biopharmaceutical production depends on buffers. Making sure the right buffer solutions are available, in the right place on the manufacturing line, at the right time, and in the right quantity, is a ...

This lab includes a theoretical explanation of how buffers work and how they are made, including a derivation of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Students will use what they have learned to ...

Buffer exchange and sample concentration often consume a significant amount of time and require hands-on attention, diverting focus from more important tasks. Big Tuna, an advanced, fully automated ...

Identify the independent (manipulated) and dependent (responding) variables in a scientific investigation. Draw conclusions about the relationship between two variables using quantitative data.