Renal stones are hard masses that form from crystals in urine. They range in size from small gravel-like stones to large stones that extend into more than one calyx (staghorn calculi). Although kidney ...

Since the introduction of shockwave lithotripsy in 1980 for the management of renal stones, minimally invasive therapy for urolithiasis has improved and various new techniques have been introduced. [3 ...

Renal (kidney) stones can form in one or both kidneys. In laparoscopic nephrolithotomy and pyelolithotomy, small incisions are made in the abdomen and the stones are removed from the kidney using a ...

Based on our experience, retroperitoneal laparoscopic intrasinusal pyelolithotomy is an effective and less invasive alternative for intra-renal pelvic stones, but not for large staghorn stones. For ...