Similar to the release of bacterial DNA following sepsis, the mitochondrial DNA released by severe trauma can also act through the toll-like receptor-9 (TLR9) to activate neutrophils by activating p38 ...

Due to their similarities to bacteria, mitochondria can actually trigger severe illness in humans. How can organelles inside our bodies suddenly become a threat? What evidence did Margulis use to ...

How big you are may be as important as what you look like, at least to immune system cells watching for dangerous bacteria and viruses. The size of pathogenic particles and the density of the ...

PAMPs in processed food may be making you sick. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns, or PAMPs, are molecules associated with bacteria, viruses, and fungi that are recognized by the immune system.

Identification of the mechanisms of innate immune sensors is fundamental to the understanding of health and disease. The pattern recognition receptor (PRR) subfamily of nucleotide-binding ...

Study identifies harmful PAMP molecules in processed foods that may increase risk of diseases such as coronary artery disease and Type 2 diabetes PAMPs can be found in processed foods such as sausages ...

Our favorite foods could be made healthier thanks to a new technique which has identified harmful bacterial molecules in certain processed foods such as burgers and ready meals. The study identifies a ...