In the 1940s, scientists at the recently established National Cancer Institute were trying to breed mice that could inform our understanding of cancer, either because they predictably developed ...

The discovery of ribosomes dates back to the 1950s, when George Palade first observed dense particles in the cytoplasm of cells using electron microscopy. These particles were later named "ribosomes" ...

This image highlights two alternatives for the ribosome to be recruited to an mRNA that is still being synthesized by RNA polymerase (RNAP). RNAP (left, red) can directly deliver the mRNA to the entry ...

Proteins are the molecular machines of cells. They are produced in protein factories called ribosomes based on their blueprint—the genetic information. Here, the basic building blocks of proteins, ...

Angiogenin is a well-characterized enzyme that has a variety of important roles; it can trigger the growth of new blood vessels, is involved in cell survival, migration, and proliferation, and has ...

Ribosomes are molecular machines that translate messenger RNA (mRNA), which is transcribed from DNA, into proteins. Scientists have now learned more about ribosomes in nature, and their function. This ...

Within a cell, DNA carries the genetic code for building proteins. To build proteins, the cell makes a copy of DNA, called mRNA. Then, another molecule called a ribosome reads the mRNA, translating it ...