Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang describes the AI ecosystem as a "five-layer cake" to highlight its foundational components and global competitive dynamics. This framework, shared during a talk at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, outlines the stack from raw resources to end-user value. Huang noted that mastering all layers creates exportable AI stacks. While chips and models currently hold the most value, energy is emerging as the key limiter amid rising AI demand. This framework helps